The Nursing Theories

 King's theory of treat conceives the " patient as a personal system within the environment who coexists with other personal systems" (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 191). Individual persons, as personal systems, " category groups that comprise affable systems, and interpersonal systems contribute to social systems. consequently patient and hold back are comprised of personal systems as subsystems with interpersonal and social systems" (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 191). King's system posits that, as "interaction occurs within social systems, nurses require knowledge of conceptions of organization, power, authority, status, decision making, and roles in order to pass away adequately" (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 191).

In King's theory of breast feeding, the "focus . . . is the human world in the system context. The goal is to help people in groups attain, maintain, and restore health or die with dignity. Interactions of the individual with the environment are significant in influencing life and health" (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 191).

The serve up involved in King's theory of nursing includes (1) recognition of presented conditions, (2) making goalrelated decisions, and motivating the patient to exert jibe over events to achieve goals. The transactions "basic to goal growth . . . include social exchange, bargaining and negotiating, and sharing a kind of reference" (Chinn, Jacob

Flynn, JanetBeth McC., & Heffron, Phyllis B. (1988). Nursing: From concept to coiffe. (2nd ed.). Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.

Watson's theory of nursing is based on care by the nurse (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 195). In Watson's theory

Roy's theory of nursing is commonly known as the adaptation model (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 193).

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There appears to be little reason why these quadruplet theories could not be applied simultaneously in the practice of nursing, as each tends to complement each of the others. The theories of Orem, King, and Roy provide specialized approaches to the practice of nursing, while Watson's theory creates a caring religious environments within which nursing care may be delivered.

aim attainment, a holistic perspective, patient autonomy, interaction between nurse and patient, and adaptation are common to each of the four theories of nursing (Flynn and Heffron, 1988, pp. 9295). N unity of the four theories of nursing conflict with one another, and each of the theories has valid applications in nursing.

Chinn, Peggy L., Jacobs, Maeona K., & Huether, Sue. E. (1991). (3rd ed.). Theory and nursing: A systematic approach. St. Louis, Missouri: MosbyYear Book Company.

Watson's theory of nursing posits a holistic conception of mind and body. As posited by Watson's theory, nursing "interventions related to human care are referred to as carative factors and include: (1) humanisticaltruistic system of values, (2) faithhope, (3) sensit
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