Software Patents Must be Eliminated :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Software Patents Must be EliminatedSoftware patents threaten to devastate Americas computer industry. Patents granted in the past decennium are now being used to attack companies such as the Lotus Development Corporation for selling platforms that they have independently developed. Soon new(a) companies will often be barred from the software arena--most major programs will require licenses for dozens of patents, and this will make them infeasible. This problem has only one stem software patents must be eliminated. The Patent System and Computer ProgramsThe framers of the United States Constitution established the patent system so that inventors would have an incentive to portion out their inventions with the prevalent public. In exchange for divulging an invention, the patent grants the inventor a 17 year monopoly on its use. The patent holder can license others to use the invention, exactly may also refuse to do so. Independent reinvention of the same technique by others does non give them the right to use it. Patents do not get through specific systems instead, they cover particular techniques that can be used to build systems, or particular gasconades that systems can offer. Once a technique or feature is patented, it may not be used in a system without the permission of the patent-holder--even if it is implemented in a different way. Since a computer program typically uses many techniques and provides many features, it can infringe many patents at once. Until recently, patents were not used in the software field. Software developers copyrighted individual programs or made them trade secrets. Copyright was traditionally understood to cover the implementation details of a particular program it did not cover the features of the program, or the general methods used. And trade secrecy, by definition, could not prohibit any development work by someone who did not know the secret. On this basis, software development was super profitable, and received con siderable investment, without any prohibition on independent software development. But this scheme of things is no more. A change in U.S. government insurance in the early 1980s stimulated a flood of applications. Now many have been approved, and the rate is accelerating. Many programmers are unaware of the change and do not appreciate the magnitude of its effects. Today the lawsuits are just beginning. Absurd PatentsThe Patent mogul and the courts have had a difficult time with computer software. The Patent Office refused until recently to hire Computer Science graduates as examiners, and in any case does not offer competitive salaries for the field.

Juvenile Stats On Crime :: essays research papers

40% of all(a) residential burglary charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 9% in 1996. 28% of all non-residential burglary charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 5% in 1996. 29% of all Residential penetration charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 18% in 1996. 19% of all Theft charges and 18% of all Receiving Stolen Property charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- down from 22% (Theft) and up from 6% (Receiving) in 1996. 18% of all Auto Theft charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles -- up from 6% in 1996. 16% of all Criminal Conversion charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 37% of all Child Molesting charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 25% of all Handgun Violation charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. 12% of all Marijuana Possession charges filed in 1997 were committed by juveniles. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----Secure Detention costThe per diem cost to Morgan County of placing juvenile delinquent offenders in the Johnson County Juvenile Detention Facility decreased in 1997, as compared to 1996. According to the weekly detention statistics maintained by the Morgan Superior Court No. 2, the total costs of secure detention of juvenile delinquent offenders in 1997 was approximately $179,900.00 (average cost $3459.00 per week). By comparison, the total costs of secure detention of juvenile delinquent offenders in 1996 was approximately $214,686.00 (average cost $4128.00 per week).Juvenile Probation Supervision StatsAs of January 1, 1997, 154 juvenile delinquency cases were under supervision by the Juvenile Probation officers of Morgan County. During 1997, 302 new probation cases were referred to probation supervision of that total, 164 Delinquents and Status offenders were placed under formal probation supervision, and 125 Delinquents and Status offenders were placed under informal probati on adjustment and supervision. Also during 1997, 246 probation cases were undefiled and closed. As of December 31, 1997, 210 juvenile delinquency cases were open and under supervision by the Juvenile Probation officers.Here is a table summarizing Juvenile Delinquency Probation Cases supervisions for 1997 descend Supervisions Pending on 1/1/97 154 Total Supervisions Opened during 1997 302 Formal Probation - Delinquents 101 Formal Probation - Status Delinquents 63 Informal Adjustment - Delinquents 54 Informal Adjustment - Status Delinquents 71 Transfers in Intra/Inter State 2 Supervisions Completed/Closed during 1997 246 Supervisions Pending on 12/31/97 210 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Waiver of Jurisdiction in Juvenile Delinquency Cases to Adult Court

Personal Transportation vs Public Transportation :: Pollution Environment Argumentative Papers

Personal Transportation vs Public Transportation On my plane trip to the Philippines I had expected Manila to be a beautiful island with nature trails, tropical flowers, white sand and palm trees overflowing with coconuts come to the forelining the border of the beaches. I was taken by surprise when I stepped out of the airport to find enormous skyscrapers cars backed up bumper to bumper for miles in every direction that I turned my head for as far as I could see and a distinguishable stench of unclean air. My skin felt violated just standing there on the edge of the sidewalk. It felt as if my skin was being penetrated by miniscule pollutant dust particles. The city dwellers rushed around with handkerchiefs pressed against their faces to prevent the harmful chemicals from reaching their lungs. The traffic was so howling(a) that if your license plate ended with an odd number you could only apparent movement on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays. If your license plate ended with an even number you could only drive on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. It was mind-boggling. It was like any other large city I had been to, only, more congested and more polluted. Who wouldve thought? This isnt a single mournful tale about an island out in the Pacific Ocean. The truth is the way the population is growing and places are expanding traffic is also greatly increasing. For example, a novel report from the U.S. Department of Transportation in Hosanskys article on Traffic Congestion estimated that, in 1994 governments at the federal, state, and local levels spent $124.5 billion on the nations transportation system. That figure has certainly risen sharply since 1998, when Congress passed the 6-year $217.9 billion Transportation Equity Act(par.22). In just four years the States has spent $93.4 billion dollars to build and repair roads. Citizens in agreement with constructing more roads do not realize that in five years the spic-and- span roads will be just as congested and land will be even more scarce for further construction. Another ostracize aspect of constructing new roads is that, once new roads are built, more shopping centers, surplus housing, food chains, and other sprawling suburbs pop up. These only contribute to more cars, which results in more traffic congestion.

Star Trek :: Television TV Show Star Trek Essays

wizard TrekWhile Cold War tensions were growing in Europe and civil rights were causing upheaval in the United States, a new show was first airing on American televisions. The series took place in space, onboard a starship. Its creator, a World War II old hand and ex-policeman named Gene Roddenberry, had imagined a show that would go on capture the imagination of the world. Often describing his show as a wagon train to the stars, Roddenberry named his new foundation Star Trek. From its humble beginnings in 1966, Star Trek continues to push the limits of visual technology as it creates stunningly impressive and often beautifully breathtaking esthetic imagery. Star Trek is enjoyed by many people for many reasons. Without a doubt, the sheer visual masterpieces created by the show offer a large bonus for watching. Taking place in the future, the show must always portray futuristic devices and techniques that push the limit of visual and estimator technology. Perhaps the most histori ed of such devices is the transporter. Lawrence M. Krause, author of The Physics of Star Trek, writes that it was really the transporter that seduced me (xv). Krause is not alone in his judgment. In 2003, Howard A. Anderson Jr. was awarded the prestigious American Society of Cinematographers professorships Award in part for his contributions to the development of the transporter effect (Creator), a fact which illustrates the impact the transporter has had on the world. But the transporter effect has indeed evolved greatly over the years from its humble genesis under Roddenberry and Anderson. Beginning as aluminum flitters shot through a 5000-watt dismay and a column of smoke (Report), it was this simple visual effect that spawned the interest of thousands. The transport effect has recently become digitally rendered, using computer technology to achieve stunning results. People have even been inspired to create tutorials for generating the transporter effect using the popular vect or graphics program, Macromedia trashy (Rossi). Considering the impact that Rodenberrys dream technology has had, it becomes clear that transporter effects have become synonymous with impressive visual art. Other visual techniques go on to improve in subsequent series. Fire-like and other organic-looking elements were created using the newly available medium of liquid nitrogen. The impressive temporal anomaly from The Next Generation incident All Good Things (1994) was created by utilizing liquid nitrogen (Stipes 89-92). In the days when motion control was the norm and computers were still not viable for television effects, Star Treks visual effects team reached out for the next generation of science-fiction imagery.

To Kill A Mockinbird: From Novel to Motion Picture :: essays research papers

Creating a motion picture from a novel and conveying the authors intended message is a difficult task. or so film makers gracefully meet the challenge, while others fail, warping the original meaning of the novel in order to appeal to he general moving picture outlet population. Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird novel to movie transition is a mid-ground between the two extremes. Lees idea of perimeter is neither completely destroyed nor completely expressed. The absence of characters Dolphus Raymond and Link Deas, along with the change in Dills personality in the movie contributes to the deterioration of Lees original theme of tolerance.Dolphus Raymond is a white man who lives among the black fraternity and is with a white woman. The Negroes sat quietly in the sun, dining on sardines, crackers, and the more vivid flavors or Nehi Cola. Mr. Dolphus Raymond sat with them. (163) Mr Raymonds ability to look past the racial prejudices of the time and live with the black community di splays his personal integrity and helps to convey the theme of racial tolerance, showing that a white man can live peacefully alongside Negroes.Link Deas is a plantation owner who treats his black employees kindly. For example, when Bob Ewell gave Mrs. Robinson trouble when she passed by his house on the way to work, Link Deas threatened to take Mr. Ewell to court if he ever so did it again. Mr. Deas also stood up for Tom in the courtroom. Link Deass show of tolerance and kindness towards blacks is essential to Harper Lees theme of tolerance and his absence takes away from the theme.In the novel Dill is portrayed as an innocent and caring person, while in the movie he doesnt pass any personality at all. Dills sympathetic nature in the novel helps to portray Lees theme of tolerance by showing that people are born with compassion and only change as a result of their environment.

Gender Equity Essay -- essays papers

Gender EquityFrom the day that individuals are born stereotypes of males and females are impressed upon them. Most hatful consider that males are suppositious to be competitive, aggressive and logical thinkers among other masculine traits. Females on the other hand should be sociable, passive and emotional thinkers. People all over the orbit accept all of these stereotypes of females and males. These stereotypes also carry over into the way teachers conduct their classrooms. In education both genders have advantages and disadvantages in different areas.Most people believe that boys receive more attention then girls. Male students seem to talk more then females during class. They also tend to call out answers and so are given more attention in one perspective. Teachers also do non correct girls as frequently because teachers think that it will appal girls feelings. When teachers give boys more constructive criticism this stimulates more intellectual growth, (Kleinfield and Yeria n, 1995). Female students favor to collaborate during conversations and like to build on others ideas. Females forever seem to lag behind boys in two school subjects, math and science. For some reason our society have greatly stereotyped women as be inadequate and incapable of possessing these skills. Girls do not become independent problem solvers and do not do well in high-level cognitive tasks. In result girls develop a bad attitude towards math and science and think of it as a male domain (Silvey and Smart, 1982). Teachers also can nominate to this loss of interest in these subjects. Sometimes teachers tend to assist girls with difficult problems to avoid feelings of disappointment. Teachers also seem to call on boys to answer more cha... ...ereotypes to the highest degree boys and girls, such as mathematics being a male domain. Students should realize that no mater what sex they are anything is possible if they set their mind to it. If students believe these stereotypes an d yet they do not fit into that particular mold they might try to hide their strengths of weaknesses. Sometimes students can use these stereotypes as an excuse not to do well in a particular subject or area.BibliographyBarrs, Myra, and Sue Pidgeon. Reading the Difference. Maine Stenhouse, 1994.Coleman, James S. Equality and Achievement in Education. San FranciscoWestview, 1990.Klienfield, Judith S., and Suzanne Yerian. Gender Tales. invigorated York St. Martins, 1995.Shapiro, June, et al. Equal Their Chances. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1981.Silvey, Linda, and James R. Smart. Mathematics for the Middle Grades. Virginia Reston, 1982

Leadership Development in South Riding Council

Leadership Development In South Riding Council Leadership skills development is often a overlook area in local councils across the I-J. South Riding Council has sought to address this issue through establishing its own local leadership institute. The council, like only other local authorities, is facing the challenge of developing the leaders of tomorrow within a turbulent operating environment.The recruitment and retention of key module is not easy in an area hit by a long-term decline in the local economy, following the decline In conventional and manufacturing Industries Like coal mining, ship building and steel making. The quality and performance of leadership within the council was highlighted in the findings of several external audits covering education prep and overall council performance against key indicators. These audits, conducted within a three year period in the mid asses, concluded that the council was lacking in strategic direction.At the wind up of the decade a similar message was cosmos repeated by Audit Commission inspectors during the first statutory comprehensive performance assessment (CPA). The outcome Impact on the organization cannot be overstated staff morale plummeted and turnover increased with the loss of organizational knowledge being a major(ip) outcome. Internal staff surveys indicated that the lack of strategic leadership was felt acutely by council staff as well as being identified by external bodies.Human Resource Development in general was considered weak with staff reporting a lack of direction In career management and brusk professional development provision. Deputy Chief Executive Kevin Harper commented that our changing environment aught us out we were reacting to uncontrollable circumstances. This highlighted a weakness generally in strategic leadership across the council. We need to retain key staff and improve our talent management programmers. We can t Just depose on staff replacement to keep the council running so we need to think about staff development and growing our own. Central to this vision was up(a) leadership and management skills. A new HER strategy was launched in 2009 with leadership Improvement Its key component. The strategy committed South Ruling Council to establishing an organization total framework to develop leadership skills at political and senior managerial levels . More recently, the council has invested time and money in shorter-term projects to enhance desired leadership skills. The latest initiative has been the creation off leadership institute. The Leadership Institute (Al) was launched in 2010 in conjunction with a local higher education provider.It s focusing Is on Improving management and leadership skills throughout the organization to lad succession planning. Commenting on the Al Initiative Harper said There Is constantly plenty of hidden talent in a local council. People may be doing amazing things outside work, but because they are not by r ights engaged at work their potential is not fully realized. The Al has established a one year learning programmer based on current issues in local government leadership. The programmer includes a range of teaching and learning methods from master classes on topics such as sessions on staff engagement and organizational commitment.The programmer also involves one-to-one mentoring, group coaching and individual action learning work. The L, although a recent development, has seen promising early returns on the investment of time and money. Sickness and absence levels are falling and levels of satisfaction in leadership are rising. The clearest indication of improvement can be seen in the about recent statutory performance assessment results. The council is now rated as four-star, excellent and improving strongly in the process, rather than a fair rating in the 2006.Harper comments The Council still has some way to go and we are not complacent but initial signs are encouraging. Leade rs now feel supported ND more confident in their capacity to make decisions and staff know they are being listened to. The leadership institute will continue to help with this development. scape Rickrack, the councils innovation manager a rank Just below head of service level is part of the councils leadership institute. He has seen an immediate impact on his practice and adds It is a fantastic chance for people to learn about their own leadership style and how they can develop this.No-one on the programmer is expecting advance Just because we are on this, but we know it will help us make he most of our talents and careers. Keith Harper has overseen the Al from its inception and flora closely with the councils organizational development team. The Al has cost approximately in its first year but the savings alone in staff absence reduction mean that the Al will break even financially. Harper knows however that the major challenge will be overcoming the traditional organization al kitchen-gardening and bringing on staff who may not easily identify themselves with a leadership role.The Al is partly aimed at unlocking hidden potential, but most of the antedates have so far come from senior positions. He said We were hoping to get people from all levels and it is something we will be looking to do more in the future We know there are a lot of talented people out there who are still not being reached. Please consider the following 1. Outline and discuss how the South Riding Council approach to leadership development maps on to the major trends in leadership development. 2. critically analyses the potential benefits and drawbacks of this leadership development approach for the Council.

Land Rover North America Case Analysis Essay

3. Product Differentiation What is the typical SUV consumer?An SUV consumer is typically a staminate between the ages of 35-49. He is likely married however does not confirm children yet. His has probably completed part of college, or is a college graduate. He typically has an art other than being self-employed or a professional/managerial job. The household income of an SUV consumer is just below $50,000 a year up to $74,999 a year. Their close to important reason for selecting an SUV is its four-wheel drive capability. They mostly use their SUV for running daily errands and transportation to/from work. They also use their SUV for pleasure driving. Research showed that SUV consumers in the mid-nineties wanted both real and fantastical experiences, instead of being concerned about status symbols or the collection of possessions that showed wealth and prestige. According to Yankelovich Monitor persuasion about retail shopping satisfaction, consumers dislike shopping for cars the most. Car shopping was ranked the most anxiety provoking and least satisfying of any of the retail experiences studied.5. Brand Positioning What are the three discoloration localisation alternatives from the case? What are the pros and cons associated with each alternative?The first note position that was briefly considered for the breakthrough was the position of being The More Affordable Range spider. The benefits of this positioning were that they could use the established Range Rover snitch that SUV consumers in America at a lower placestood and trusted, but for a more affordable price. They decided against this strike out positioning because of the experience they had with the Range Rover Hunter. In focus groups that they conducted, it seemed that there was a food market for a less appointed vehicle so they created the Range Rover Hunter. But after the Hunter was introduced to the market in 1989, they realized that consumers viewed the Hunter as a cheaper stripped dow n Range Rover and it ended up being a failure.The second carry-positioning alternative that was considered was positioning the breakthrough as The Definitive Family 44. Positioning the Discovery this way would stress the credentials it had and portray it as a versatile family vehicle with top of the line safety qualities and 1990s style. The benefits of positioning the Discovery this way was that it focuse on the market segment that was demeanoring for a vehicle for their family, which was differentfrom how they positioned the Range Rover, so they were reaching a conglomeration new audience. The negative aspects of this brand positioning was that they might be alienating the consumer base that they had already created with the Range Rover because that audience was looking for more of the unkept off-roading brand.The third brand-positioning alternative that was considered for the Discovery was the position as A Logical Evolution of the Legendary Land Rover. Positioning the Disco very this way would make it look like the latest generation of the authentic 44 brand, and stressed ruggedness, off-roading credentials, and brand heritage in the advertising. This positioning would make the Discovery the all-purpose centerpiece of the product line. The benefits of positioning the Discovery this way was that it still had the same feel as the rest of the Land Rover vehicles, but was more versatile in its uses. The negative aspects of this alternative was that it was a lot like the brand positioning of all Land Rovers other vehicles and different offer any new versatility to the brand and was marketing to the same audience that they had been with all the other vehicles.6. Strategies for Growth of a Niche Brand What strategic considerations are involved in moving this brand forward? HINT Your recommendations for moving the brand forward (and allocating funds, retail strategy) must be consistent with your positioning strategy. Think about how you want your target market to perceive your product.After considering the different options of strategic plans discussed in the case, we have decided on several strategies that we would recommend as the best way to keep the brand moving forward. We believe that the best brand-positioning option is positioning the Discovery as A Logical Evolution of the Legendary Range Rover because advertising the Discovery this way would make it the latest generation of the 44 brand and would be targeted towards the market segment looking for ruggedness and off-road capability, while maintaining the familiar brand heritage and reputation (pg. 8).We have several recommendations for allocating funds across marketing mixelements. We recommend that advertising for the Land Rover brand should be just about 30% of the marketing budget and the advertisements themselves should be focused more on individual models in the Land Rover line, with an equally distributed level of support for each of the vehicles in the line. Advertising this way will support our brand position because it will show the evolution of the vehicles within the Land Rover brand. Our recommendations for corporate sponsorships and worldly concern relation programs is to continue the Camel Trophy Sponsorship and showcase the Range Rover at the event to showcase the most popular vehicle within the models available under the Land Rover brand.The La Ruta Maya Expedition is the only other major public relation campaign that we would recommend continuing with because it is different from the campaigns that have been used in the past, which will help support, the new evolved branding position. When it comes to experience marketing programs, we recommend that Land Rover decrease the amount of spending used on these programs because the programs barely break-even and often are operating below capacity (pg. 12). We would, however, recommend expanding these experiential marketing programs beyond the driving schools and focus more on newsletters and c reating a site on the World Wide Web. We believe that the funding used on auto shows, dealer and employee training programs, and consumer research activities should be act because these are fundamental parts of marketing and are still important moving forward with the new brand positioning (pg. 11).Although we do believe that the excogitation of the Land Rover Centre could be a great move for the Land Rover brand in the future, we wouldnt recommend implementing this concept at this time for several reasons. First, creating a new brand imagine should be the main focus of every decision that we make, and even though the Land Rover Centre could support the new brand image there are less expensive and less fortuney ways of supporting the new evolved brand image. Second, many dealers feel that Land Rovers sale levels are not high enough to justify the $2 million investment risk (pg.13). Lastly, the Land Rover Centre concepts requires that the dealer network would have to be significan tly increased, which would deteriorate the many benefits that they have by having exclusivity in the marketplace (pg. 13).

Urbanization as a Social Problem

How is urbanization negatively effecting our society The answer to this question is not a simple one. This essay will not yet contain down the problems of urbanization in the United States, but it will also tell you some of the attempts made to fix the problem and give some solutions as to how it could possibly be solved in the future. Also when answering this question one must understand that urbanization, cornerstone not be stopped, but only contained in a manner that will help the United States to function better as a country.The more densely populated and more mingled a community is, the more accentuated characteristics can be associated with urbanism. Urbanism drives decrease in per capita, and promotes urban violence, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population provoketh in urban argonas also perpetuates poverty. Another major issue being created by this social problem is the breaking of the traditional family structure. Our cities are not worki ng strong Sanitation, safety, transportation, housing, education and even electricity are failing.These are all responsibilities of the government or it is at least their job to regulate these services deemed to be monopolies. And it is a known fact that monopolies deem toward inefficiency. Functionalist look at our cities as a means to value. Cities are a place where everybody visits, and therefor vendors can raise their prices and profit more on their products. For example, from my own personal experience, I bought a pack of cigarettes for $3. 00 at my local gas station, and when I visited inner city Orlando, I bought the corresponding brand of cigarettes for $4.0 .This is just a minor example, and most of the residents in an urban area are in poverty and keep up trouble affording the $3. 00 pack if they raft much less adding a dollar to the already ridiculous cost. In the United States, the breaking of the traditional family structure is an issue that has become increasingly evident in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The traditional, mom and dad, and children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more.There is a weakened stand by of kinship, and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to specialized institutions outside of the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, historical functions. While individuals pursue their own diverging interests in their educational, vocational, spectral and recreational life. With divorce rates rising, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. With single parent families, children lack in the post department due to the lack of the amount of time their parents have free to raise them.These specialized institutions often help, but can not replace the division of a child s guardian. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, delinquency will continue to increase in these areas as we ll. The tightness of people reinforces effect of numbers in diversifying people and their activities and increasing the complexity of the social structure. The variations of people give rise to segregation of people by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage, as well as economic and social status. Segregation often creates much tension and prejudice between social groups.This can cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society, which means that sometimes people may permanently suffer before any action is interpreted to solve the problem because the delay in action is most often the result of people underestimating the problems. As for racism and segregation, there is not much that can be done to fix these problems. Individuals will always have their own opinions no matter how ignorant, and the only thing we can do is to hope that these problems breach out as we desegregate our communities.People will choose their destination or place of residence according to many diff erent ideals and needs, for example what fits their budget. political pathology and population growth is closely related because of the population change and this change carries with it a high likelihood of social disruption. Government assumes major responsibility for victimization attempting to meet rapidly increasing demands for education, housing, agriculture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government s budget is not distributed equally mainly due to differentiation in areas.Areas with higher income will have higher income and therefor will obviously have a higher budget to work with. Urban areas are usually lacking in the financial department. Therefor they are not able to repair all the problems in which need to be fixed in these areas, such(prenominal) as sanitation, education and many other categories. America has hired approximately fifty percent more teachers in the last few years than have been hired in the past, but the increase in popula tion keeps the classrooms just as large. The effort does not meet the need thus the problem mud as strong as ever.Due to the overpopulation in urban areas and the lack of employment opportunity, the crime rate is also a huge problem in which they are faced with. Also the lack of the traditional family structure and weakened bonds of kinship weaken the moral of the children growing up in the urban areas. These children grow up in poverty and usually look at crime as a quick and easy way out. The problems in urban areas are far more, than can be handled in any short term efforts. We can only hope to contain them, and attempt to make sure that no more problems arise from the already existing ones.

Company as a Separate Legal Entity Essay

A legal entity, typically a descent, that is defined as detached from a nonher business or individual with respect to accountability. A fork legal entity may be set up in the case of a friendship or a confine obligation company, to separate the actions of the entity from those of the individual or other company. Meaning If a business is a separate legal entity, it means it has some of the same rights in law as a person. It is, for example, able to enter contracts.In New Zealand, a company is a separate legal entity from its owners (shareholders) and can, for example, be sued, and enter into contracts in the name of the company, non the shareholders. Sole traders and partnerships are not separate legal, entities from the owners. Some Business entities like throne, LLC can exist separately from its owners. In a common language that a corporation is a separate entity of its owners and corporation itself is an entity like human being created through legal or official process. Corp oration lives and does its activities at its own existences and is tempered in its own capacity.It does the business, it generates the revenue, it can incur losses, it hires the employees and it pays its own taxes. It is a better form of existence for the reason it takes its responsibilities itself, owners are free from their personal liabilities and owners enjoy limited personal liability (risk) only up to their investments in stocks, though there may be certain situations where their personal responsibilities can exceed from limited liability concept. Separate Entity Concept is better choice and it has better features because corporation enjoys separate entity concept, has indefinite life (perpetual).Management and self-will may change but corporation ordain exist indefinitely at its own existence, unless it is officially dissolved or merged. Corporation has a better scope for large & quintuple businesses, expending business, securing debts, attracting investors, retaining p rofessional setup and engaging professional management, promoting & achieving new ideal, expanding its activities at local to global level. Under Separate Entity Concept, Corporation is treated in its own capacity, but it is not a human being, it is an artificial being, therefore, it has to be managed by people in different capacities such as owners,The shareholders were Mr. Salomon,his wife, daughter and quad sons. Two of his sons became directors Mr. Salomon himself was managing director. Mr. Salomon owned 20,001 of the companys 20,007 shares the remaining six were shared individually between the other six shareholders. Mr. Salomon sold his business to the new corporation for al most(prenominal) ? 39,000, of which ? 10,000 was a debt to him. He was thus simultaneously the companys principal shareholder and its principal creditor. Transfer of the business took place on June 1, 1892. The leverage money the company compensable to Mr.Salomon for the business was ? 20,000. The co mpany also gave Mr. Salomon ? 10,000 in debentures that is, Salomon gave the company a ? 10,000 loan, secured by a charge all over the assets of the company. The balance paid went to extinguish the businesss debts (? 1,000 of which was cash to Salomon). Soon after Mr. Salomon incorporated his business a series of strikes in the shoe industry led the government, Salomons main customer, to split its contracts among more firms. The government wanted to diversify its supply base to avoid the risk of its few suppliers being crippled by strikes.His warehouse, as a consequence, was full of unsold stock. He and his wife lent the company money, and he cancelled his debentures, but the company needed more money, so they want ? 5,000 from a Mr. Edmund Broderip. Mr. Salomon assigned Broderip his debenture, the loan with ten per cent interest and secured by a floating charge. But Salomons business still failed, and he could not keep up with the interest payments. In October 1893, Broderip sued to enforce his security. The company was put into liquidation. Broderip was repaid his ? ,000, and the debenture was reassigned to Salomon, who retained the floating charge over the company JUDGMENT gamey Court When the company went into liquidation, the liquidator argued that the debentures used by Mr. Salomon as security for the debt were invalid, on the grounds of fraud. The judge, Vaughan Williams J. accepted this argument, ruling that since Mr. Salomon had created the company solely to transfer his business to it, the company was in reality his agent and he as principal was liable for debts to unsecured creditors.Court Of Appeal The Court of Appeal also govern against Mr. Salomon, though on the grounds that Mr. Salomon had abused the privileges of incorporation and limited liability, which the Legislature had intended only to confer on autarkical bona fide shareholders, who had a mind and will of their own and were not mere puppets. The gentles The House of Lords unanimousl y overturned this decision, rejecting the arguments from agency and fraud. They held that there was nothing in the Act about whether the subscribers (i. e. he shareholders) should be independent of the majority shareholder. The company was duly constituted in law and it was not the aim of judges to read into the statute limitations they themselves considered expedient. The 1862 Act created limited liability companies as legal persons separate and distinct from the shareholders. Lord Halsbury stated that the statute enacts nothing as to the extent or degree of interest which may be held by each of the seven shareholders or as to the proportion of interest or influence possessed by one or the majority over the others. Lord Halsbury remarked that even if he were to accept the proposition that judges were at liberty to insert words to manifest the intention they wished to impute to the Legislature he was inefficient to discover what affirmative proposition the Court of Appeals logic suggested. He considered that identifying such an affirmative proposition represented an insuperable difficulty for anyone putting forward the argument propounded by the lord justices of appeal.Lord Herschell noted the potentially far reaching implications of the Court of Appeals logic and that in novel years many companies had been set up in which one or more of the seven shareholders were disinterested persons who did not wield any influence over the management of the company. Anyone dealing with such a company was aware of its nature as such, and could by consulting the register of shareholders become aware of the breakdown of share ownership among the shareholders.Lord Macnaghten asked what was wrong with Mr. Salomon taking advantage of the provisions set out in the statute, as he was perfectly legitimately entitled to do. It was not the function of judges to read limitations into a statute on the basis of their own personal view that, if the laws of the land allowed such a t hing, they were in a most lamentable state, as Malins V-C had stated in an earlier case in point, In Re Baglan Hall Colliery Co. , which had likewise been overturned by the House of Lords.

Tips for a Successful Relationship

Tips for a Successful Relationship Ezell ORR Communication Instructor Macy Dailey October 17, 2011 ? Dear Jack and Jill, My advice to you for a lucky and everlasting kind is sound communion. Without good communication the relationship/engagement will non develop to the next level of wedlock. In the beginning your communication was limited to conversations of neutral agreements beca persona of the initial stage of your relationship. look intoers pose found that one of the reasons a new relationship is usu all toldy so pleasant and friendly is that mint emphasize the identicalities they have and ignore the differences (Brown & Rogers, 1991). As your relation blossoms the differences in twain of you will surface. Some maybe too minute to entertain, and ignore be tardily over opineed or digested. Constant differences amongst lead offners that atomic number 18 everyday habits ass be discussed and settle without harming the relationship.Disregarding or overlooking major con cerns such as, financial matters, knowledgeable preferences, and raising of children can be harmful to the relationship if not handle properly. Counseling may be recommended or advisable in most cases. all(prenominal) relationship is different, no two relationship argon the same. As the relationship unfolds and you both begin to know each former(a) better, you will begin to red information to the former(a) which was slightlywhat private at the start of the relationship. The most big characteristic of a deep inter soulfulnessal relationship is the self-disclosure of our innermost thoughts and feelings (Roeckelein, 1998).When you both begin to ex neuter personal information, building trust and confidence that is a sign that the relationship is progressing. As the relationship progresses you will be more take to the woods to disclose more of your identity. Self Disclosure is sometime give-and-take, where both parties have equal risk when disclosing personal information. Shared d isclosures will increase the vulnerability to creation hurt or disrespected by others, and the fact that you both have devoted so a good deal of yourself may make it complicated to break the bond you all have together.Forming a relationship with soul is not like what you see on TV. Communication conundrums can surface and disrupt the relationship or correct bring it to an end. Certain airs can really ruin a relationship. Being silent, nice, and playing games these behaviors can damage a relationship and stand In the right smart of trust. Everyone tends to be silent at times, just lengthy silence is not good for the relationship. Refusing to trounce to someone is frequently a means of controlling the other person or exerting power in a relationship. If it is prolonged, it can even be a form of psychological abuse (Chang, 1996).It is best to try and talk things out oppose to not talking at all. You know the old saying time heals everything so sometime it is better to allow t hings along for a trance if both of you understands that there is a problem. Another area of concern is macrocosm too nice or being overly agreeable. Dont put yourself in a position where you would rather let someone have their way or just take the blame to make the problem go away. Playing Games will also destroy a relationship. In 1964, Eric Berne wrote a best-selling book titled Games People Play, which describes how people sometimes have ulterior motives.He called these strategies games (Berne, 1996). He defined games as a dysfunctional way of communicating, and it is a negative pattern of interacting that can develop among people. Berne said, In most cases, the participants of the game are unaware that they are playing they have simply developed a pattern of interacting that is not reconstructive or useful in growing the relationship. Playing games at the expense of someones feelings is never a good thing. Relationships can comfortably take a turn for the worst when games are involved. The games will terminate when one of you decides to stop playing.The end result of playing games is that sometimes ends with one person becoming angry or upset. Berne also states that regardless of the strategy, open and honest communication can prevent the continuation of a game and its make on the parties involved. It is best to not play games and let the relationship run its course without any kind of interruptions. ? Another component of having a successful relationship is being a good listener. Everybody who can speak, read, and write were taught to achieve these three components through parenting and school.We take classes in reading, writing, or even speaking but we seldom hear of someone taking classes in listening. You cannot understand others, respond appropriately to what they say, and provide helpful feedback if you have not listened (Hayes, 1991). Listening is one of the most important factors in interpersonal communication. One study estimated that 45 pe rcent of all communication time is spent listening, compared with 30 percent speaking, 16 percent reading, and 9 percent writing (Hayes, 1991). Most people are also generally inefficient listeners they tend to block off rather quickly what has been said.Within 48 hours, we forget about 50 percent of that information, for an overall retention of about 25 percent efficiency (Lee & Hatesohl, 1993). Most people think that hearing is listening, but much more is involved than just hearing something and waiting for it to get transmitted to your brain to be interpreted. Effective listening is a process that requires six manifest components (1) motivating yourself to listen, (2) clearly hearing the pass, (3) paying attention to the message, (4) correctly interpreting the message, (5) evaluating the message, and (6) remembering and responding appropriately (Adair, 2003).You all must learn to be motivated and have an open mind and be willing to gain something from one another. During conve rsation between the two of you make sure you can hear each other clearly without any interruption. Virginia Satir (1976) suggests that when you do not clearly hear the speaker, you often make up what you think the other person said. We tend to make an premiss and then hold the other person responsible for not communicating effectively. Paying Attention is another means of effective listening.Messages are sent by verbal and nonverbal means. To be an effective listener you must give your undivided attention to both verbal and nonverbal messages. Never jump to conclusion, let the other party finish their thoughts before you intervene to ensure that you have interpreted the message correctly. ? Interpreting the wrong message or signal can result in causing an interpersonal conflict. Being able to indentify conflict and handle it without incident will improve your relationship.Daniel Dana, a pioneer in the playing area of mediation, suggested that four factors must be present for a dis agreement to be considered a conflict Two people are interdependent they each read something from the other. Both parties blame the other or insure fault with them for causing the problem. One or more of the parties is angry or emotionally upset. The parties behaviors are bear on their relationship with each other and/When conflict emerges, tension are high, and the relationship can be put in jeopardy if not resolved as soon as possible.In all relationships, whether friendly, romantic, or family, conflict is unavoidable. Conflict can be hazardous to your health because it has the potential to get out of control, but it can also have value that can reinforce the relationship. Researchers Patricia Noller and Judith Feeney (2002) reported that some conflict may actually be good for a marriage over time and can lead to the personal growth of both parties if the negative communication is aimed at the other persons specific behavior and not at the whole person. Another scholar from Har vard University reported that conflict has other value as well.He noted, in businesses and other organizations, conflict increases the requirement to accomplish tasks, it helps people understand their positions because it brings issues out into the open and forces them to support their arguments, and it gives all parties to the conflict a greater awareness of their own identities. Walton also suggested that conflict can help people be more creative in finding solutions to problems. Avoiding conflict is always better than promoting conflict. Sometimes it is best to get away and let the air clear. When emotions are high and tensions are peaking, a little space between each other will relax the atmosphere.I am not saying to just sweep it under the rug and hope it just go away. However, researchers found that the pattern that indicates a relationship is failing is that angry oral communication are exchanged, the anger escalates, and then the withdrawal occurs. In other words, in falli ng relationship, negative emotions overwhelm the interaction between the parties, who then withdraws from each other (Zautra, 2003). Psychotherapist and author Virginia Satir suggests that we are initially attracted to people because of what we have in common with them, but we grow on the basis of our differences (Aatir, 1976).When you first meet someone you try and field them out. For a relationship to develop, you must have some initial interest. Some people will ask questions about another person, or they will watch someone to see if they meet the physical qualification. Some may listen to how someone speaks, there are several different techniques we use to gather information about someone whom we may be attracted to or want to get to know better. Theorists entrust that several factors may influence your draw poker to certain people.These factors are physical proximity, physical attractiveness, perceived gain, and similarities and differences (Hartley, 1999). Physical attractiv eness is one of the first thing most people explore prior to socialize a relationship. Some like their mate to be slim, some like them to be a little on the heavy side, some like them to be tall, short, or even short and round. Psychologists have found, however, that you are strongly influenced by prototypes of the idea male and female form as portrayed by media in our culture (Cattarin, Thompson, Thomas, & Williams, 2000).Some people is attracted to others because of what they think they can gain from being in the company of superstars or other high ranking individuals. Do you find yourself associating with people because who they are, or what you think they have and maybe you could be a part of it, in other words, you just want to be seen with someone who you believe you can benefit from. You have probably heard the saying, Birds of a feather flock together. Which saying is true? According to researchers, both are accurate (Hartley, 1999).It is good to know someone of importance or someone who is a superstar, but trying to put yourself in a position to gain something thru someone elses fame, it just not worth the trouble. If you grew up with someone who have recently gain fame and fortune and you wish to associate yourself with them and they welcome your interest that will be entirely up to you. aflame Intelligence is another area you should be familiar with to have a successful relationship. Knowing how to manage, communicate, and understand emotional feelings. turned on(p) Intelligence is similar to emotional health, the higher your emotional intelligence-the higher your emotional health is. Emotional health allows you to stay in touch with your own feelings while you are exposed to the feelings of others. It also enables you to handle lifes emotional setbacks in a healthy manner instead of taking your feelings on others (Segal, 1997). Emotional intelligence has three components (1) the ability to effectively perceive, communicate, and manage negative em otions (2) the ability to experience, communicate, and ustain positive emotions and (3) the ability to retain perspective during difficult times and to recover pastime stressful events (Zautra, 2003). Most positive and negative feeling you encounter is a condition of your thoughts and your interpretation of events within the relationship. Psychotherapist and author Richard Carlson (1997) suggests that you think of negative thoughts similar to the way you think about your dreams. You may awaken and be upset about something that occurred in a dream.But you understand that dreaming is merely idea while you are asleep, and you dismiss the negative dream because you realize that it is not reality. The negative thoughts you have while awake also seem real, but they are not necessarily the truth. You can dismiss them like bad dreams and not allow them to spiral out of control until they ruin an entire day or even a lifetime. When negative thoughts assail you, Carlson suggests you remind yourself of the following We all produce a steady stream of thoughts, twenty-four hours a day. . . Pick and consider which thoughts you wish to react to . Everybody has different moods happiness. You can be happy and be in a good mood, or you can be mad or sad about something and keep your feelings inside and you can appear to be in a good mood. Moods are simply a part of being human, and being able to understand these moods oppose to letting them get the best of you will help you manage conflict. When you are in a good mood, everything look good, you feel good, and life if great. However, a bad mood can ruin your day and the people around you.We know that words are not things they are merely symbols that represent things. So as linguist Robin Tolmach Lakoff asks, How can something that is physically just puffs of air, a mere stand-in for reality, have the power to change us and our world? (Lakoff, 2001). Words are very powerful, they can cause pain, damage, excitement, and they ca n inspire you. Words are magical in the way they impress the minds of those who use them. A mere matter of words, we say contemptuously, forgetting that words have power to mould mens thinking, to canalize their feeling, to direct their willing and acting. charter and character are largely determined by the nature of the words we currently use to discuss ourselves and the world around us. (Huxley, 1940). One of the first things children do when they first learn language is to identify parts of their bodies such as their eyes, mouths, or toes. They can say a word and touch the body part at the same time, so they tend to think that words have direct correlation with objects in the physical world. Thus, as children, and then as adults, we are misled into thinking that this item or object is what the word means. Because we communicate with others, and they understand us, the word must mean the same to everyone else as it does to us (Kreidler, 1998). Words can mean different things to d ifferent people. Words are symbols, and they do not have the same meaning to everyone. Words reflect attitude, some words can be offensive to some cultures and less offensive to others. When words are interpret wrong it can caused confusion and problems. The meaning you interpret from a message is always personal and is the result of many factors including your personality and experiences.Communication always occurs in a context, so the meaning of a message often depends on the context of the communication. ? References Satir, V. (1976). Making Contact. Millbrae, CA Celestial Arts. Zautra, A. J. (2003). Emotions, stress, and health. Cary, NC Oxford University Press. Segal, J. (1997). Raising your emotional intelligence A practical guide. New York Henry Holt. Huxley, A. (1940). Words and Their Meanings. Los Angeles, CA The Ward Ritchie Press. Hartley, P. (1999). Interpersonal communication. Florence, KY Routledge. Lakoff, R. T. (2010). Language war.Ewing, NJ University of California Press. Cattarin, J. A. , Thompson, J. K. , Thomas, C. , & Williams, R. (2000). Body image, mood, and televised images of attractiveness. The role of social comparison. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(2), 220239. Retrieved, March 9, 2011, from ProQuest Research Library. doi 55606627. Lee, D. , & Hatesohl, D. (1993). Listening Our most used communication skill. CM 150, Communications. University of Missouri Extension. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from http//extension. missouri. edu/publications/DisplayPub. aspx? P=CM150?

Policing Policies Today Essay

Sir Robert plunder is well known for his great contribution to advanced policing. His original work as tell by Nicola and others in Community policing began in 1829 under the Metropolitan Police Act authority. (Sutton N, Draper G and Jones J, 2005). He established the police force and worked hard to change the professional police to the creation. In other words he aimed at creating a good relationship between the police and the public. He aimed at ensuring that the public understood that the police could actually work for their best interest.According to Nicola and others, Peel coined several principles to act as a marketing strategy that would convince the public of the police legitimacy. The police were to be guided by the principles as a code of conduct. According to Clyde in Criminal Justice Administration Sir Robert Peel was the origin of the first professional police de graphic symbolment in the world precisely, the Londons Scotland Yard. (Cronkhite C, 2008). This paper will focus on Sir Robert and his contribution on policing to the several(a) needs of the present day population.To Peel, the police would not only enforce the law through the apprehension of criminals but it would also aim at preventing crime. The tail end of his principles was the prevention of crime, acquisition of public support and cooperation without jeopardizing the opinion of the masses or the public as well as the reduced use of force. As argued by Nicola and others, Peels principles are much in line with the modern-day policing and its application would be of much influence in meeting the diverse needs of the members of the public.The contemporary policing aims at reducing the reliance of rapid responses but rather calls for effective prevention tactics. Proactive approaches of resolution crime are advocated for as compared to reactive approaches. In the modern policing, it is also grave that there is the creation of community partnership that involves the public in mai ntaining social order and harmony in their communities. (Sutton N, Draper G and Jones J, 2005). It is very master(prenominal) that the police work hand in hand with the public so as to effectively maintain law and order.Clyde in Criminal Justice argues that Peel coined the philosophy the police are the people and the people are the police to show the need that the two parties work in collaboration. As Clyde points out, Peel identify twelve law enforcement organizational principles. (Cronkhite C, 2008).1. The police must be stable, efficient and well organized along military lines.2. The police must be controlled by the government3. Prove that the police are efficient would not be by the number of arrests made but by the absence of crime. This advocated for the proactive approaches to resolving crime in the order.4. The distribution of crime news is absolutely essential.5. Deployment of police strength by time and area was also critical.6. No quality is more(prenominal) vital to a policeman than the perfect command of temper.7. Good appearance commands respect.8. The securing and training of proper persons is a core issue if efficiency is to be realized.9. all(prenominal) police was to be given a number due to public security demand. This would ensure that there was increased accountability level on the part of the police.10. The police headquarters should be centrally located and easily accessible to the people.11. Policemen should be hired on a probationary basis.12. Police records were necessary to the reform distribution of police strength.Peel faced much rejection from those who feared that the police force would be very powerful and consequently dangerous. Such rejection made it difficult to devour Peels principles but with time they proved to be a success and have been used across the globe. (Cronkhite C, 2008).In order for the police to answer their duties effectively they must depend on the public to approve their existence, their lives, actions , behavior and the ability to secure as well as maintain public respect. (Jim & mob Chu, 2001). The police headquarters must be in a centralized location to make it easier for people to report crimes. This would also enhance the flow of applicable or useful information that can be used to curb crimes.The distribution of crime news would also be effective in keep crime as it would eliminate the problems of distance or proximity when tracking criminals. It is also vital for comparison purposes as well as in analyzing trends which is an important aspect in the process of decision making. A harmonious relationship between the police and the public would be a plus in as far as the effectiveness of proactive approaches to crime is concerned given the fact that the public would be more willing to report suspicious incidences. less(prenominal) strained relationship between the two would be an effective preventive measure. (Edwards C, 2005).Timeliness is also very important and the police must be deployed at the right place and time if a positive effect is to be felt. It is also very important that police control their tempers or anger as this would ensure that they have a good face in the eyes of the public. People who are to join the police force must be selected correctly so that after training they are able to perform and meet the ever-changing needs of the public in an efficient manner. Peel advocated for the involvement of the members of the society in the maintenance of law and order which is also called community policing. (Levinson D, 2002). Record keeping is also important for analysis purposes. All in all, Sir Robert principles are dumb applicable in todays world.

How does the mass media reinforce sterotypes? Essay

Stereotyping is a mental activity that is neither natural or necessary however, collect to laziness, upbringing or coincidental experiences (Lester, 1996, p.1), the stereotyping of idiosyncratics results in harmful generalisations that ultimately deny an individuals unique contribution to humanity (Lester, 1996, p.1). When the bargain media engage in stereotyping, misleading representations concerning members from diverse cultural groups are confirmed. In this essay, a broad range of texts will be used toexamine the ways in which the mass media defecate and reinforce companionable stereotypes around sexualityual practice, ethnicity and age, as well as how the media shape ones imagination though direct images.It cannot be doubted that the media profoundly influence peoples attitudes and outlooks. They convey a whole variety of knowledge which individuals would not otherwise acquire. Newspapers, books, television, radio, films, recorded music and popular magazines (Giddens, 19 89, p.79) bring individuals into reason contact with experiences of which we would otherwise have little awareness (Giddens, 1989, p.79). There are very few societies, in current times, even among the more traditional cultures, which hang on completely untouched by the mass media. Electronic communication is accessible even to those who are completely illiterate, or in isolated areas of the world.According to Juredini and Poole, gender usually refers to the behavioural and attitudinal characteristics as well as roles that are learned and derived from a particular cultural milieu (2000, p.171). An pregnant source of gender information in a consumer society is television. notwithstanding some notable exceptions, for example Sesame Street, most television shows continue to portray males and females in uninspired gender roles (Sigorelli, 1990, citied in Newman, 2000, p. 136). In a recent study of television programs, male characters are more likely than female characters to occupy leadership roles and get them, as well as being portray as inquisitive.In addition, they are more likely to be portrayed in a identifiableoccupation, demonstrating to audiences that males are more career orientated and dedicated to work, and emphasising stereotypes that they are the traditional bread winners of the househ superannuated. Alternatively, females are cast into the role of the caregiver (Thompson and Zerbinos, 1995, cited in Newman, 2000, p. 136). Despite the incident that women make up a majority of the population, most prime time characters ontelevision are male (Smith, 1997, cited in Newman, 2000, p. 136), and are still portrayed as powerful and rational. Women express emotions more easily and are more likely to be flirtatious in order to get their own way.Similarly, in print advertisement, women were seen to be in the home, being dependent upon men, and not making independent and important decisions (Creedon, 1989, p. 249), and are often viewed by themselves and by others as sex objects. In addition, the symbols involved in advertise often have a more profound influence on social behaviour than the stated messages the advertising wishes to put forward. Thus, gender divisions are often symbolised in what goes on in the setting or the background of a commercial(Giddens, 1989, p. 446), rather than what it is explicitly selling. In many advertisements, men appear mentally and physically alert, while women are shown gazing into the distance in a dreamy way (Goffman, 1979, cited in Giddens, 1989, p.446).A underlying gender concern is that advertising is a shorthand form of communication (Creedon, 1989, p. 249) that must make contact with the consumer immediately, in order to establish a divided up experience or identification, and is most popularly undertaken through stereotypical imagery. In turn, these images form the cores of ones personal tradition, the defenses of ones position in society (Creedon, 1989,p. 249), thus reinforcing the socia l stereotype.Children as well receive gender lessons. Understandably, most research about theinfluence of television and the media has concerned children, given the sheer volume of their viewing and the possible implications for socialisation (Giddens, 1989, p. 444). In their literary pursuits, books have the capabilities to teach children what other children do in their culture and what is expected of them. In a study undertaken in America analysing preschool books, boys played a more significant role in the stories by a ratio of 11 to 1 (cited in Newman, 2000, p. 135). Together, boys were portrayed in adventurous roles or undertook activities that demand independence and strength, whereas girls were likely to be confined to indoor activities and portrayed as passive and dependent (Newman, 2000, p.135).Similarly, the mass media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around ethnicity, particularly through their stereotypical images and portrayal of ethnic groups performing ce rtain roles in society. Sociological approaches which attach particular importance to racism emphasise the limitations imposed on ethnic minorities by such(prenominal) hostility and discrimination (Haralambos and Holborn, 1995, p.688). The attention isnot placed upon the ethnic minority itself, however on the wider society which is the minority group. prohibit stereotypes of African Americans in particular have been deeply ingrained in Anglo American cultures since Africans were brought into the country in chains (Lester, 1996, p. 21). The stereotypes served an essential purpose they justified Anglo imprisonment of Africans. Today however, the Anglos in America have been influenced by media images frequently seen on television and in newspapers ofAfrican Americans who are violent, criminal, drug-addicted and on welfare (Lester, 1996, p. 21). As in Australia, Aborigines have been given similar treatment, however they have expressed deep concern (Ericksen, 1996, p. 45) about the way they have been represented in the Australian media.Through this, there has been considerably more Aboriginal presence in prime time television, particularly with programs outlining Aboriginal issues suchas Black Out. Despite such advancements, regular direct and indirect means of associating Aboriginal persons with criminality, irrational destructiveness and disorder frequently occurs in todays media. Through words such as riot (Ericksen, 1996, p. 46) in Aboriginal headlines and disturbing footage on television, audiences are influenced into constructing ethnic stereotypes of allpersons belonging to that culture or group.Corresponding with gender and ethnicity, the media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around age. According to Golman (cited in Lester, 1996, p.113), all too many television commercials fall back on stereotypes, showing the aged as feeble, foolish or inept, passing their time aimlessly in rocking chairs. Because seniors are a large and increasingly affluen t market, one destined to grow bigger as the 1950s baby boomers mature (Lester, 1996, p.114), advertisers should be sensitive to this group. If no sensitivity is used, some seniors may take out their anger and frustration towards images and advertising by ignoring or actively boycotting the product.The mass media reinforce images of the aged through stereotyping, which inevitably engender fear among the elderly, labelling them as sick or too old for certain things. In many cases, older men are seen to have power, whereas older women as seen as weak. Such an example can be seen in the instance where an older chairman in an American television commercial was shown preparing to give a speech to hisstockholders in a commercial for Coopers and Lybrand in 1993 (Lester, 2996, p. 90). world an older woman is not so glamorous and well respected. If an older woman is not portrayed as loving grandmother, there is a solid chance she will be portrayed as senile.Despite the medias reinforcemen t of social stereotypes among the aged, awareness could assist a better understanding of the elderly in particular. Advertising agencies and advertisers employ young people to write andprepare commercials. Most recent writers on this subject could conclude that the age of the advertising producers is an important factor (Lester, 1996, p. 116) in creating the stereotypical images of age. Young creators working on senior accounts can be a problem, as they do not have the seniors perspective, thus, engaging typically in stereotyping. Such hurdles can be overcome by consulting the large amount of research readily acquirable on seniors, and by focusing on a group composed of seniors, which in turn will reinforce alternative views on age and aging.It is to a fault arguable that the media, instead of being seen as a neutral umpire between competing interests and an efficient way of disseminating information, critical theorists argue that the media are very such(prenominal) implicated in power relations (Juredini and Poole, 2000, p. 313) in society. The most critical view of the medias operations represents the reading, listening and viewing public as victims of a giant con trick(Juredini and Poole, 2000, p. 313), believing in a truth convenient for the powerful groups who describe and interpret the world around us, thus, reinforcing the social stereotypes.The redbrick media of communication are similarly central to an individuals life, providing many necessary information services as well as offering possibilities for self-enlightenment and entertainment. The media constructs and reinforces social stereotypes around gender, ethnicity and age around the images that are produced, and by the way they are capable of shaping the individuals attitudes and beliefs. Despite such interpretations, it is the choice of the individual what they decide to consume from the diverse amount of information that is served openly to the public, and to eliminate misleading representati ons concerning members from diverse cultural groups.

Agenda setting theory (Maxwell McCombs and Donald L. Shaw)

schedule setting theory (Maxwell McCombs and Donald L. Shaw) Media influence affects the order of presentation in news reports about news events, fields in the public mind. More wideness to a news-more importance attributed by audience. Media Priorities It says what lot should estimate about and how people should think about. These are the levels of agenda setting theory First Level Mostly studied by researchers, media uses objects or issues to influence the people what people should think about. Second levelMedia focuses on the characters of issues how people should think about. Agenda setting theory used in political ad, campaigns, business news, PR (public relation) etc. The primary(prenominal) concept associated with the agenda setting theory is gate keeping. Gate keeping controls over the selection of subject field discussed in the media Public cares mostly about the product of a media gate keeping. It is especially editors media itself is a gatekeeper. newsworthiness me dia decides what events to admit through media gates on ground of newsworthiness. For e. g. News Comes from various sources, editors choose what should egress and what should not thats why they are called as gatekeepers. Priming Activity of the media in proposing the values and standards by which objects of the media attention earth-closet be judged. Medias capability will provide a lot of prison term and space to certain issues, making it more vivid. To say in simple words, Media is giving utmost importance to a news so that it gives people the impression that is the most important information. This is done everyday the crabby news is carried as a heading or covered everyday for months.Headlines, Special news features, discussions, estimable opinions are used. Media primes news by repeating the news and giving it more importance E. g. Nuclear deal. material body Framing is a process of selective control Two Meanings 1. Way in which news content is typically shaped and contex tualized within same frame of reference. 2. Audience adopts the frames of reference and to see the world in a similar way. It is how people attach importance to news and perceive it context within which an issue is viewed. Framing talks about how people attach importance to certain news for e. . in trip of attack, defeat, win and loss, how the media frames the news such that people perceive it in a different way. We can arrive at India and Pakistan war same happening is framed in different ways in both the countries. So depending on which media you view your perception will differ. Criticisms of Agenda setting theory is Media users not ideal, people whitethorn not pay attention to details. Effect is weakened for people who have made up their mind. Media cant create problems. They can only alter the awareness, Priority etc.

Bowen Family Systems, Structural, and Strategic Models Essay

Bowen Family Systems, Structural, and Strategic Models Theory Application The typeface field of force of Ana will be analyzed victimisation the Bowen Family Systems Theory Approach. Bowen Family Systems Theory is a scheme of human behavior that views the family as an delirious unit and uses clays thinking to describe the complex interactions in the unit (Kerr, 2000). This account will debate the concepts of the system that is appropriate for this case study the reason this speculation was chosen all over the other ones counsellor addresss and interjection strategies in accomplishing those goals and designation of short or long term focus.This paper will also discuss the counselors role with Ana the customers role in counseling the existence this surmise is some appropriate for as well(p) as addressing the social and cultural needs of the client all supererogatory teaching that might be helpful to know about this case and what ar the fortunes, if any, of usi ng this plan of attack. What concepts of the theory make it the most appropriate for the client in the case study? Include at least five concepts.There ar five concepts that would make this theory appropriate for the client in the case study. The first concept in this Bowen Family Systems Theory Approach is triangles. What is a triangle? According to Kerr (2000), a triangle is a three-person relationship system. This triangle is a part of a bigger emotional system because a triangle is the smallest stable relationship system. These triangles involve, match to Murdock (2013), two people that are the in collection and one person that is the outside group. Triangles form when the anxiety aims rise in a relationship or family (Titelman, 2008). Individuals (or families) with low levels of differentiation are more than in all probability to triangle because more emotion is involved (Kerr, 1981). As a counselor, it is best to pay attention to your client and if they seem to react re peatedly to others, because you underside suspect that a triangle has been activated (Murdock, 2013).As for Ana, there is a trianglethat has formed here. She is brainsick about surviving without her husband being around and figuring out how to make things meet because she is unemployed. The twinkling concept of this theory is differentiation of self. According to Murdock (2013), differentiation deals with the single as well as the family however, according to Kerr (2000), the differences between an individualist and family reflect the different levels of differentiation to self. A person who has low levels of differentiation are said to react and adjust their way of thinking to better suit the situation that they are in (Kerr, 2000). A person who has a high level of differentiation can keep their cool when conflicts educate (Kerr, 2000). Bowen (1978), refers a low-differentiated individuals tendency to fuse as a common self with others and is most clearly seen in intimate rel ationships such as marriages.Titelman (2008), spoke of a pattern called underfunctioning-overfunctioning dynamic where the weaker individual in the family system is the weaker of the two and is more likely to gain symptoms. Ana is the weaker individual in the family since she does not go for a job and she feels worried about how to continue with her life. She is hopeless and does not know what to do (Grand canyon University, 2014). The third concept in this theory is the Nuclear Family Emotional Process. According to Kerr (2000), this concept describes four elemental relationship patterns that govern where problems develop in a family. The four problems are marital conflict disfunction in one mate impairment of one or more children and emotional distance. In a marital conflict, according to Kerr (2000), as family tension increases and the spouses get more anxious, each spouse ends up guidance on the negative issues about each other.In a dysfunction in one spouse problem, accord ing to Kerr (2000), one spouse pressures the other spouse to think and act one way and then the other spouse yields to that pressure. If anxiety levels rise in these problems, psychiatric, medical, or social dysfunction may develop (Kerr, 2000). In impairment of one or more children problems, according to Kerr (2000), the spouses focus their anxieties on one or more of their children and the children focus their anxiety on them which can ultimately impair school performance, social relationships, and raze health (Kerr, 2000). In emotional distance problems, according to Kerr (2000), people distances themselves from others to reduce the intensity of the relationship, but riskisolation from each other. The fourth concept of this theory is the family projection process. This concept describes the primary way parents have a bun in the oven their emotional problems to a child (Kerr, 2000).This process can impair the functioning of one or more children and can increase their clinical sy mptoms. Some problems that children inherit from their parents include the need for attention and approval bother dealing with expectations the tendency to blame oneself or others feeling obligated for the happiness of others or that others are responsible for ones own happiness and acting impulsively to relieve the anxiety of the moment sort of than tolerating anxiety and acting thoughtfully (Kerr, 2000). Parents have different roles in this process mothers are the primary caretakers and realize more emotional involvement with one or more child and fathers experience the outside of the triangle, merely in high level of tensions among the mother and child (children) (Kerr, 2000). evening though Anas son is and one years old, problems may arise in him later on in life because of the problems sacking on at home right now and with the father being deployed. The fifth concept of this theory is multigenerational transmission process. This process describes how small differences in the levels of differentiation between parents and their offspring lead over many another(prenominal) generations to marked differences in differentiation among the members of a multigenerational family (Kerr, 2000). Why did you choose this theory over the others?The Family SystemsTheory was chosen for the evaluation of Anas case study because this theory focuses on the family not just the individual alone. plane though Ana went in for a counseling session alone, there are underlying issues that most likely involve her family as well. What will be the goals of counseling and what intervention strategies are used to accomplish those goals?The goal of the Bowen Family Systems Theory (BFST) is to help an individual or individuals separate from the family (Titelman, 2008). According to Murdock (2013), an individual must remember that this breakup does not mean that he or she needs to cut their family from their life. This theory should help an individual castrate the way they reactiv e in relationships and change the way they handle stress (Murdock, 2013).There is an intervention dodge that can help accomplish the goal of the BFST. This strategy is process questioning. According to Murdock (2013), the questions that are asked help an individual avoid the emotion that is associated with content questions. Is the theory designed for short- or long counseling?The BFST is designed for long-term counseling. Treatment of an individual can potentially take years to complete, however, it does depend on the individual and well they advance and overcome their daintyment goals (Withers, 2012). What will be the counselors role with this client?A BFST counselor remains detriangled in this type of counseling session by presenting themselves as objectively and unemotionally (Kerr, 1981 Murdock, 2013). The counselor is there to teach the client about the operation of family systems (Murdock, 2013). In order to effectively treat an individual, according to Murdock (2013), a co unselor should undergo their own BFST therapy himself. What is the clients role in counseling?In a BFST counseling session, a client is assigned the task of journeying home to strike family interactions put the principles that were learned into effect and change how he or she interacts with the family (Murdock, 2013). For what population(s) is this theory most appropriate? How does this theory address the social and cultural needs of the client?BFST is contrary to the norms of many cultures because they tend to support insularism of individuals and families (Murdock, 2013). BFST approaches cannot really treat close-knit Latino families or African-American families because of their close family relationships with one another (Sue & Sue, 2008 Falicov & Brudner-White, 1983). What additional information might be helpful to know about this case?Some additional information that might be helpful to know about this case is how Ana feels about bringing her family in to counseling sessions to see if there are any underlying issues that need to be resolved. What may be arisk in using this approach?After researching this theory, some aspects of this theory seem to be operationalizable and testable (Murdock, 2013, p. 451). Even empirical tests of the BFST have produced promising results in areas such as relationships among differentiation anxiety relationship rejoicing and psychological dysfunction (Murdock, 2013 Miller, Anderson, & Keala, 2004). Bowens prediction of individuals choosing partners with similar levels of differentiation received mixed results in the literature, with studies electropositive and others disconfirming (Murdock, 2013 Day, St, Clair, & Marshall, 1997 Greene & Mabee, 1992 Kosek). However, when BFST is dealt with family or couples processes, research is less supportive.The Bowen Family Systems Theory was the theory chosen for this paper to analyze the case study of Ana. This paper discussed the concepts of the theory that is appropriate for this case study the reason this theory was chosen over the other ones counseling goals and intervention strategies in accomplishing those goals and designation of short or long term counseling. This paper also discussed the counselors role with Ana the clients role in counseling the population this theory is most appropriate for as well as addressing the social and cultural needs of the client any additional information that might be helpful to know about this case and what are the risks,ReferencesBowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York Jason Aronson. Day, H. D., St. Clair, S., & Marshall, D. D. (1997). Do people who marry really have the same level of differentiation of self? Journal of Family Psychology, 11 doi 10.1037//0893-3200.11.1.131Falicov, C.J., & Brudner-White, L. (1983). The shifting family triangle The issue of cultural andcontextual relativity. In J.C. Hansen & C.J. Falicov (Eds.). Cultural perspectives infamily therapy. Rockville, MD Aspen Systems.G reene, G.J., & Mabee, T. F. (1992). Differentiation of self and maritaladjustment of clinical and nonclinical spouses. In B.J. Brothers (Ed.), Couples therapy, multiple perspectives In search of universal threads. New York Haworth Press. Grand Canyon University (2014). Case study analysis.Kerr, M.E. (1981). Family systems theory and therapy. In A.S. Gurman & D.P. Kniskern (Eds.),Handbook of family therapy. New York Brunner/Mazel.Kerr, Michael E. (2000). One Familys Story A Primer on Bowen Theory. The Bowen essence for the Study of the Family. Retrieved from http//www thebowencenter.org/theory Miller, R.B., Anderson, S., & Keala, D.K. (2004). Is Bowen theory valid? A review of basicresearch. Journal if marital and Family Therapy, 30,doi 10.1111/j.1752.0606.2004.tb01255.xMurdock, N. (2013). Theory Is a Good Thing. In Theories of counseling and psychotherapy Acase approach (Third ed., p. 4). Upper Saddle River, N.J. rill/Prentice Hall. Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2008). Counseling the cul turally diverse Theory and practice (5th Ed.).Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Titelman, P. (2008). The concept of the triangle in Bowen theory An overview. In P. Titelman(Ed.), Triangles Bowen family systems theory perspectives New York Routledge. Withers, R. (2012). A comparative study of Bowenian system theory and cognitive-behavioral family therapy. Retrieved from http//www.counselinginsite.com

Reflective Statement Essay

How I create a collateral reading environmentA absolute learning environment are trust, open communication and shared learning experiences.Trainer is one who give the axe create a positive learning environment, which will each(prenominal)ow the students to feel comfortable, safe and engaged something that solely students deserve. I applied some factors that build a positive learning environment. Adult learners require the learning to be relevant, are highly motivated, need active involvement in the learning process, a mannikin of learning experiences, positive feedback, need to be recognized as individuals with unique experiences, to maintain their self-esteem. A positive learning environment requires the involvement of learners to ask questions and feedback, encourage discussions, group and individual activities, group discussions, visual aids, determination plays.The effective trainer helps to create the positive learning environment when using a variety of techniques fo r providing positive feedback. To provide positive feedback is to give verbal praise, to use positive responses during questioning, recognize suppress skills. Be legitimate to discretion the participants as individuals when using participant names, to involve all participants as often as possible, to treat participants with respect, to allow participants to share information with otherwises, to maintain the self-esteem of learners with reinforcing suffices and beliefs embodied in the activity, providing corrective feedback in an appropriate manner, providing training that adds to their sense of competence and self-esteem, recognizing participants accomplishments.The feedback I received from learner participantsThe feedback I receive is very positive. The learners rated all of the activities very highly. Content is rated 4.6 from 5 which is Excellent.Organization is rated 4.0 from 5 which is Very Good.Use of instructional aids is rated 4.4 from 5 which is beside Excellent. C reating interest in topic is rated 4.8 from 5 which is Excellent. Involvement of participants is rated 4.4 from 5 which is near Excellent. Met my needs is rated 3.8 from 5 which is near Very Good.Suitable to my level of experience is rated 4.2 from 5 which is Very Good.Interesting is rated 4.4 from 5 which is near Excellent.Included sufficient examples is rated 4.6 from 5 which is Excellent. Understandable -is rated 4.2 from 5 which is Very Good.This lead to conclude that activities provides interesting information. The feedback I received it is very useful and helping me to understand where I can develop my lessons in further.My perceptions of the force of the activityI felt engaged and that the content of the learning material was interesting and meaningful. The explanations given helped me to straighten out and remember ideas, and the activities gave a way to remember the information in a clear way. That makes a contrast in understanding the material, because I can see t he strategies in action instead of just reading about them.The results of the team work activities are beneficial towards learning process and helps enhance learning process. feeling at the picture as a whole, one of the most valuable things is just sharing experiences with other participants. Because you just learn so much from each other. I think the whole focus cigaret the effectiveness of the activity it has made me reflect a lot more on my own practice and future development.2 recommendations to improve my future performance

Argument Essay

During Tom Robinsons trial for his crime, Tactics is questioning virile Lowell nearly what her side Of the Story was, these questions make her nervous and Tom realizes it which leads him to show empathy towards her. Yes, such. Felt right disturbing for her, she seemed to try and rest of me You matte up sorry for her, you felt sorry for her? (pig. 264). The recite shows how Tom truly felt towards staminate and during this time period it wasnt the normal thing to do. Tom showing empathy for Male can be surprising at most because of what she did to him but him doing this shows his kindness towards others.After all the accusations on Tom by Male and all the hardship he is going to have to face, this quote shows what kind of a good human beings Tom is. Empathy from Tom is also shown when he supports her. Tactics was on his feet, but Tom Robinson didnt need him. l dont say she lying Mr.. Gilder, say shes mistaken in her mind. (pig. 264). In the quote Tom is speaking on behalf of Amylases accusations and how no(prenominal) of them were genuinely true. Tom says that she is just mistaken in her mind instead of she is Wing because he indirect requests every matchless to chicane that he has empathy towards her.By switching his words to accommodate to a more kind side shows how Tom cute Male to not be accused of whateverthing or in any kind of trouble. Tom Robinson, dismantle though wrongly convicted of things he didnt do, shows im mense amounts of empathy towards Male. dismiss Maude shows large amounts of empathy towards hoot Raddled when she explains to the children why Boo has decided to stay inside. His name is Arthur and hes bouncy. What a, morbid question. But I suppose its a morbid subject. I know hes alive, Jean Louise, because I havent seen him carried out yet. (pig. 54). Scout asks Miss Maude if Arthur Boo Raddled is really still alive and her response shows how she shows empathy towards him, even if it is very subtle. Miss Maude knows he does nt want to come out of his house so instead of being rude she just strictly answers her question. Miss Maude also acknowledges how Arthur doesnt really want to be talked about so she almost scolds Scout by telling her it is a morbid question. This is also diaphanous when she answers another one of Scouts questions. Arthur Raddled just stays in the house, thats all.Wouldnt you stay in the house if you didnt want to come out? (pig. 55). This quote shows how Miss Maude can relate to Arthur Raddled by how she answers this question about Boo. In response to Scouts question she tells her what if Boo doesnt want to come out? Her saying this shows how she has empathy for Boo and how she knows what it is exchangeable to be left out or shunned. She knows this feeling by how the foot-washing priests treat her. This stresss that even though Miss Maude is a lot of talk she still has a pure heart. During this time period African Americans were not really accepted into society.So Tactics shows empathy towards Tom and all African Americans by Ewing Toms lawyer which was a trade no one wanted to do. scout, said Tactics, Niger-lover is just one of the terms that dont mean anything like schnozzle nose. Its hard to explain ignorant, trashy populate use it when they think somebodys favoring Negroes over and above themselves. (pig. 1 07). In the Story a running theme is segregation and Tactics Finch shows many examples of him showing empathy towards them. In this quote he is saying that the word Niger is only rude and unintelligent, he knows that anyone who uses the word is no good to any extent.Tactics is showing how he truly doesnt appreciate any foul language towards anyone which shows how he has empathy towards others. Miss Maude hence explains to Scout some other kind things Tactics has the tendency to do. There are some men in this world who were born to do our unpleasant jobs for us. Your father is one of them. Hes the only man in these parts who can keep a jury out so long in a case like this (pig. 283). The quote is showing how Tactics is a humble man coming from the spill the beans of Miss Maude, which shows the audience that what Tactics does is for the greater good of the community. Since he decided to defendTom without any arguing which subject matter he wanted to help him, showing his true generosity. This quote also is saying that Tactics allow for do anything for anyone in need because of his empathy towards them. Tactics is known for being a humble man and these examples prove it. Some people may not agree or accept that some of the citizens of Macomb can actually show empathy towards African Americans. It is true in some points of the story their are some examples of people disrespecting people of the opposite race. One example could be when the news of Tom Robinsons death reaches the town and no one responded.Argument Essay

Ugolino and His Sons

He won the Prix de Rome in 1854 which enabled him to travel in Rome (1856 1862). During that time he was influenced by the works of Italian sculptors of the Renaissance period much(prenominal) as Michelangelo, Donatello, and Andrea Del Verrocchio. He also go abouted to increase his focus of studies on complex sculptures and bas-reliefs. His passion led him to start carving several pieces on marble before the famous work of art Ugolino and His Sons. Carpeaux was considered as unmatchableness of the mainstream artists in Eclecticism.This movement wanted to exceed Neoclassicism and Romanticism and also described the ombination, in a individual(a) work, of elements from different historical styles. Carpeaux received many honors during his lifetime until two months before he died prematurely of genus Cancer at the age of 48 in Courbevoie in 1875 CE. The sculpture snows (Figure 1 a man session on a stone cu tted witn chains in his legs. The mans facial expressions seemed as grief opus biting the tip of some of his fingers. The wrinkles on top of his eyes with his curled toes on each early(a) gave the sense of a clueless situation the man was put in.Surrounding him, therere four ifferent-aged kids two of them on the remaining side of their fathers position, as they gave the emotion of looking at their father begging. And on the right side, therere the two opposite kids where the smallest kid fell on the ground looking dead. The sculpture depicts the tale of a traitor who was the tally of Donoratico and was imprisoned by the archbishop Ruggieri degli Ubaldini in the late thirteenth century Oune 1288). The archbishop imprisoned Ugolino with his sons and grandsons in the Tower of longing.Also, the archbishop ordered the soldiers to throw the keys of Ugolinds rison in the Arno River so that theres no way for them to be set free. They were sentenced to be left wing to starve in February 1289. Ugolino had this prophetic dream of the archbishop and his soldie rs as the lord and huntsman killing the fauna the wolf cubs (Ugolino and his materialization). Ugolino had his heart-broken for hearing his sons sobbing in their sleep asking for bread. He also kept his feelings inside, he had neer wept, and he used to watch his kids weeping but him feeling clueless paralyzed- thinking.Yet his offspring dreams couldnt fill their stomach. Ugolinds kids started to ook at him, wondered why he turned out to look like a stone, biting his fingers and curling his toes of one leg on top of the other one. For them, they thought that their father is starving Just like them or maybe more but for Ugolino himself, he was biting his fingers in anguish, weeping inside for not world able to feed his offspring. Therefore, they started to offer their bodies to their father so he can eat and survive.After few days, his offspring started to fall down dead one by another till the last one died on the sixth day. This part is quoted from The Divine Comedy, Vol. l Infer no Canto 33) Dante Alighieri. It illustrates moments of death of Ugolinds offspring and the mystery behind the conjecture of Cannibalism l calmed myself to make them less unhappy. That day we sat in silence, and the next day. O pitiless state You should have swallowed us The fourth day came, and it was on that day My Gaddo fell prostrate before my feet, instant Why dont you help me?