Informative Essay Sample on George Orwell

Informative Essay Sample on George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair, now more commonly known as George Orwell was born in India in 1903, and his father was an official in the Indian Civil Service. Throughout Orwells childhood he felt a deep sense of isolation, a factor to later influence his writing. In 1911 he was sent to a boarding school on the Sussex coast where he was distinguished by his poverty and intellectual brilliance. He grew up a morose, eccentric boy and in 1953, wrote of his miseries in an autobiographical essay, Such, Such Were The Joys. Orwell won scholarships to Winchester and Eton. He chose Eton and stayed from 1917 to 1921, and during this time published his first writing in college periodicals. Despite being offered a scholarship to University, Orwell became an Imperial servant at Burma in 1922, serving in a number of countries. Yet he had a desire to become a writer, and when he realized how much the Burmese were ruled by the British against their will, he felt increasingly ashamed of his role. He later recalled his experiences and reactions to Imperial rule in his novel, Burmese Days and in two autobiographical sketches, Shooting an Elephant and A Hanging. In 1927, Orwell retired his post and left Burma, choosing to live among the poor, outcast people of Europe. He resided for some time within the slums of England and France. These experiences were conveyed in, Down and Out in London and Paris where he voiced his concerns for those worst off in society. Orwells politics as a socialist writer became progressively more anti-Communist and also patriotic. After his failing to enlist in World War II, due to grounds of ill health, Orwell joined the Home Guard and increased his journalistic output. He became the literary editor of the Tribune and as did Swift, contributed articles to many papers. Orwell had a family life, and after the death of his first wife in 1945, married Sonia Brownwell and moved to a Scottish Hebridean island also with his sister and adopted son. However, in 1950 his health had gradually declined and Orwell died of tuberculosis a few days before hoping to visit Switzerland to improve his health. Orwells first popular success Animal Farm was published in 1945. It conveys political tyranny and its effects on a society. As the title suggests the novel is set on a farm, detailing the farm animals struggle with the farms manager to achieve an equitable, sharing and harmonious community. Orwells motivation lay within his life experiences and influences, as did Swifts. The two novelists had each experienced different forms of power and regime, yet both were able to express and convey the flaws of these authorities in different styles. Today, Swifts novel would be unbelievable in the context that he wrote it. However, by using this approach, he managed to avoid political retribution. Orwell in comparison, expressed his views, but in an unbelievable style to add interest and amusement. I write it because there is some lie I want to expose, some fact to which I want to draw attention, and my initial concern is to get a hearing. But I could not do the work of writing a book, or even a long magazine article, if it were not also an aesthetic experience. As with Gullivers Travels, Animal Farm can be read on different levels. It is subtitled a fairy story, drawing the readers attention to the artificial aspects, yet we know it is not a fairy story as there is no happy ending. The reader, by being drawn in has to look closer, exploring and interpreting the true intentions of Orwells writing. Orwell uses animals to make serious moral points. Another example of this is Aesops Fables where the characters do not behave naturally or realistically but are symbolic of certain human attitudes and ideas. Although Orwell satirizes dictatorship and individuals abuse of power in general, there are many points the novel makes that correspond with the Soviet Union and events following the fall of the Tsar in 1917. A few examples of this include: many of Marxs ideas lying within Majors speech, the failed attempts to create an equal society, the disagreements between Stalin and Trotsky that correspond with the animals Napoleon and Snowball, and the increase of Stalins, and therefore Napoleons power, in the use of terror and propaganda in becoming a dictator. Swift satirizes human nature in general, but of individuals putting him and his friends down rather than the society around him, perhaps creating more of a personal retribution in his writing. Orwell struggled throughout the majority of his life and received conflict at the hands of power, whereas Swift generally had a more comfortable upbringing receiving hardships at the beginning, yet with personal disagreements throughout. Orwell and Swift both satirize the abuse of power and suggest the moral of human nature, that Utopias are not possible due to the flaws that will always be found and created by individuals. Orwell once said, Totalitarianism has abolished freedom of thought to an extent unheard of in any previous age. He believed this idea was achieved by forbidding freedom of thought or action but also by telling the people exactly what to think. This is demonstrated in Animal Farm right from the start where Majors statement, whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy has been condensed to four legs good two legs bad in order that the unintelligent sheep could understand the principals of Animalism. This simplification caused its loss of meaning, and later has appalling implications, when used to drown out or prevent uproar and revolt. This parodies the less intelligent masses of the Soviet Union and the disregard of attention to these peoples understandings of events. There are indications that the proposed utopia will never materialise. The animals society is not an equal one as three pigs are seen immediately taking the best positions in the barn. Some animals are protective to others, whilst others seem intent on fighting amongst themselves. The irony of the first chapter is clear in that it establishes through Majors speech an idealistic vision of the future in contrast of the suffering under Jones. The eventual progress of Animal Farm shows that as the pigs distort Majors ideas, they alter and corrupt the principles of Animalism The element of realism is introduced by the first actions of the dogs, directly after Majors speech where they attack the rats. This openly contradicts what Major has just stated. The rats represent the majority of the rural peasants whom the revolutionaries tried to shape to their views. Orwell suggests here that human behaviour is essentially selfish and ruthless. Swift made the same point when Gulliver discovered how the court were planning to blind and starve him slowly to death. In Animal Farm the equality Major emphasized so much is jeopardised by the pigs greater intelligence, with their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume leadership. By becoming the farms administrators, the pigs avoided physical work. Orwell suggests here that there is not equality, labour not being equivalent to brainwork. Napoleons rise to power begins from his nature, a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way. This description implies power through aggression, which is exactly what happens. When Napoleons dictatorship is threatened by Snowball from the animals preference to his idea of the windmill, he is chased out of the farm by the nine dogs. Napoleon, who generally represents Stalin, saw Snowball, representing Trotskys strategies, and his attempts to educate the other animals, as a threat. He understood that if he kept the animals unintelligent, they would be easier to control for his own benefit, rather than the farms. It is clear these are his intentions from the start, privately rearing the nine puppies. The nine dogs represent the secret police that silenced, many by death, any rebellious individuals. Their presence in the novel adds a sense of fear and darkness that symbolises corruption, while their actual contribution, is by fighting in the battle of the windmill, and even this is beneficial to Napoleons leadership. Boxer, the hardest working animal on the farm, who is universally respected represents the lower class, hard working society of Russia, without him the farm would not succeed. His two maxims, I will work harder and Napoleon is always right are both results of his experiences at the hands of dictatorship and limits his thought. There is again no thought given to his feelings or emotions, and even his retirement is exploited to the advantage of the pigs. The pigs use of language makes the suffering of the animals sound acceptable. This is the use of propaganda. Squealers use of this is crucial to Napoleons success in convincing the animals of Napoleons fitness of power and validity for the apparent sacrifices made. Many words and even whole speeches are not fully understood by the animals, and they are not questioned, due to the convincing act Squealer puts on. The threat of the nine dogs, their own vain hope that things are okay, and that their faith in their leaders, prevents them seeing themselves being systematically betrayed. Propaganda was used throughout the Russian revolution and this is the point Orwell is making, that the shameless use of it has conflicting effects. Humour is used in both novels to similar effect. In Gullivers Travels, toilet humour is used throughout, to ease myself with making water; which I very plentifully did. This is rare in any writing but Swift continually refers to it, which is quite shocking to the reader. Swift describes his actions with the same tone and format that he uses throughout the story, thereby creating the ironic humour. Orwell similarly applies humour but with greater subtlety, with some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to balance on a ladder) Snowball climbed up. Here the reader can imagine the event Orwell has described, which creates the humour. The idea of including humour teaches the reader to study other ideas, specifically the satirical aspect. Both Orwell and Swift wrote about politics. The treatment they received at the hands of those in power influenced their writing. As Orwell once said, Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic Socialism. Orwell suggested that language had to try, as far as possible to reflect the truth of an issue. In his writing style, thoughtless language and complex writing was avoided, and straightforward wording used. This technique was used in the hope of not misleading the reader and helped make the message as clear as possible. There is the satirical parody here of the contrast of how political writing is often distorted and purposely relays false meanings. Swift was not able to do this with the same impact. This was probably due to the fact, that by making his point too obvious, he would endanger himself from the people he was satirising, this creates a sense of irony. The main point that both these novels compare on is the great irony in the general outline of each story. Gullivers Travels tell us of the supposedly successful, civilised people of Lilliput. Gulliver exposed them as corrupt, disloyal and animal-likes individuals. Animal Farm however, tells us of these apparent, well-meaning and thoughtful animals that are exposed as having careless, slovenly and corrupt human characteristics. Despite several hundred years separating the two authors, there are many similarities and contrasts between Gullivers Travels and Animal Farm. The novels were both very successful and were appreciated by a wide audience. On a personal level I found, Gullivers Travels and Animal Farm equally appealing. I was surprised to find how subtle techniques, use of language and the general style, left me to interpret the writers intentions. Both novels are exceptional and have inspired me to find and explore similar styles of work. 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The Function of The

The Function of The The Function of â€Å"The† The Function of â€Å"The† By Mark Nichol I found it interesting, when researching this topic, that the definition for the in Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary is nearly as long as this post and that’s for just one set of functions for the word, as a definite article. The also functions, less often, as an adverb (â€Å"I like that one the best†) and, rarely, a preposition used in place of per (â€Å"Those cost ten dollars the dozen†). And why should anyone feel the need to look the up in the dictionary? Isn’t it obvious? When it comes to meaning, yes, the role of the in a sentence is clear. But it’s not always clear whether the cast of characters in the sentence must include that role. Consider the sentence â€Å"I looked out over the land.† The writer describes surveying a particular plot of land. However, â€Å"The price of land has gone down lately† omits the because no specific plot of land is being discussed; the topic is the concept of land in general. But notice that in these nearly identical sentences, the difference in meaning seems to be the reverse of the difference in the previous paragraph: â€Å"I poured water out of the pitcher† explains what was poured, whereas â€Å"I poured the water out of the pitcher† emphasizes where the water came from. Notice, however, that in those examples and the pair that follow, the is a marker for a second reference: â€Å"I put the shoes on and walked outside† emphasizes the particular pair of shoes, which presumably have already been referred to. â€Å"I put shoes on and walked outside† calls no special attention to the shoes; the sentence merely describes the writer’s routine preliminary to leaving the premises. Sometimes the presence or absence or the in a sentence is irrelevant; the person quoted could have employed either usage: â€Å"She’ll have the strawberry cheesecake† identifies the particular dessert a diner wishes to be served, one either visible to the speaker or listed on a menu a literal or implied second reference. â€Å"She’ll have strawberry cheesecake† means the same thing with the subtle difference that the speaker is not directly alluding to the dessert selection visible in the form of a slice or a reference in text. However, in the case of the pair of sentences about the shoes, the previous reference may be very important; these are magic shoes we’re reading about, for example. â€Å"I put shoes on and walked outside† presumably leaves the unusual footwear behind; â€Å"I put the shoes on and walked outside† moves the plot along. The is deliberately omitted in many types of usage. For instance, most references to countries (â€Å"Afghanistan,† â€Å"Zimbabwe†) need no definite article, nor do references to their citizens (â€Å"Afghanis,† Zimbabweans†), unless, again, a particular subgroup is in question (â€Å"The Afghanis in the tour group kept to themselves†). Exceptions include use of â€Å"the Netherlands† and similar geographically influenced names. The same rule applies to names of other geographical or geopolitical features (â€Å"Mount Everest,† but â€Å"the Himalayas†; â€Å"Hawaii,† but â€Å"the Hawaiian Islands†; â€Å"Lake Tahoe†, but â€Å"the Great Salt Lake†). Oddly, writers who would never make the mistake of omitting the before â€Å"Netherlands† or â€Å"Hawaiian Islands† frequently refrain from preceding names of organizations: â€Å"March of Dimes Foundation was founded in 1938.† Admittedly, some names do not merit the definite article, but they are usually obvious (â€Å"Project Reason,† â€Å"People for the American Way†). However, logic should override poor usage. The People for the American Way Foundation, associated with the organization named in the latter example, incorrectly self-identifies as â€Å"People for the American Way Foundation.† The rule of thumb is that any organizational name ending in a word referring to the entity (foundation, organization, project, etc.) requires the definite article, just as a generic reference such as â€Å"the foundation† merits it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive At50 Latin Phrases You Should KnowForming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives